The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?-Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods because they _____.-A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What happens as an athlete uses up their ATP supply? – Beginning with just one glucose molecule, The energy-rich products of glycolysis are_____.-In glycolysis, for every glucose molecule that is oxidized to pyruvate (pyruvate), ______ molecules of ATP are utilized, and _______ molecules in ATP are produced.-Following it, glycolysis as well as the citric acid process, however, before the electron transportation chain and the oxidative phosphorylation process, the carbohydrate skeleton is broken down into CO2with an increase in ATP.
Determine the reaction products and reactants of cellular respiration, and identify where these reactions occur in the cell.
We’ve now learned how autotrophs, like plants, convert sunlight into sugars; let’s do a review of how eukaryotes, which includes us! Sugars.
Through photosynthesis, plants and other photosynthetic producers make glucose that stores energy in the chemical bonds. Then, plants and consumers, such as animals, undergo a series of metabolic pathways called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration takes the fuel from the bonds of glucose and transforms the energy into a form every living thing can utilize.
The steps of cellular respiration
When cellular respiration occurs, glucose molecules slowly break into water and carbon dioxide. As it breaks down, some ATP is created directly through the processes that transform glucose. A lot more ATP, however, is generated later through the process known as oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs through the transport of electrons along the chain of electron transportation, an array of proteins encased inside the layer of the mitochondrial membrane.
The electrons originate from glucose and are then transferred through in the chain of electrons via electron transporters textNAD+NAD
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To see how a glucose molecule is converted into carbon dioxide and how its energy is harvested as ATP and \textNADHstart text, N, A, D, H, end text//slash\text_2FADH
Start text, F A D, H, end text, begin subscript, 2, finish subscript within one of your cells. Let’s walk step-by-step through the four stages of cellular respiration.
The Second Part of Glycolysis (Energy-Releasing Steps)
The process has resulted in the loss of two ATP molecules and has produced two tiny sugar molecules that are three carbons in size. These sugar molecules will be processed through the final phase of the pathway. Enough energy will be extracted to repay the two ATP molecules as an initial investment. They will also generate a profit for the cell, including two more ATP molecules and two more energy-efficient NADH molecules.
This diagram shows the steps of the second phase of glycolysis. Step six of the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase produces one NADH molecule and forms 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. In step seven, the enzyme phosphoglycerate-kinase removes a phosphate-containing group of the substrate, creating an ATP molecule and 3-phosphoglycerate. In step 8, the enzyme phosphoglycerate-mutase alters the substrate, resulting in 2-phosphoglycerate. In step nine, the enzyme enolase changes the substrate, forming an enol pyruvate phosphate. In step 10, a phosphate component is taken off the substrate, creating one ATP compound and the pyruvate.
Step 6. The sixth step in glycolysis (Figure 3) oxidizes the sugar (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), extracting high-energy electrons, which are picked up by the electron carrier NAD+, producing NADH. The sugar is then phosphorylated by adding a second phosphate group, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Be aware this second phosphate does not require second ATP molecules.